Chapter 8: Software Testing

Question 1

What is Black-Box Testing?

Testing based on internal code structure and implementation details

Testing functionality without looking at internal code structure, based entirely on requirements

Testing only the database components

Testing only after deployment

Explanation: Black-box testing is testing functionality without looking at the internal code structure, implementation details, or internal paths. It focuses on inputs and outputs based on requirements.

Question 2

What is the main focus of Black-Box Testing?

Validation of internal code structure

Validation of functional requirements

Testing communication between modules

Code optimization

Explanation: The main focus of black-box testing is on the validation of functional requirements. It provides abstraction from code and focuses on software system behavior.

Question 3

What is White-Box Testing?

Testing without knowledge of internal code

Testing that validates internal structure and working of software code

Testing only user interfaces

Testing done by end users

Explanation: White-box testing validates the internal structure and working of software code. It requires knowledge of the underlying programming language and checks all paths a program can execute.

Question 4

Which black-box testing technique is used to minimize test cases while maintaining reasonable test coverage?

Decision Table Testing

Equivalence Class Testing

Boundary Value Testing

Regression Testing

Explanation: Equivalence Class Testing is used to minimize the number of possible test cases to an optimum level while maintaining reasonable test coverage.

Question 5

What is Boundary Value Testing focused on?

Testing all possible values

Testing values at boundaries to determine if ranges are acceptable

Testing only invalid inputs

Testing database boundaries

Explanation: Boundary Value Testing is focused on the values at boundaries. It determines whether a certain range of values are acceptable by the system, useful for reducing test cases.

Question 6

What is Cyclomatic Complexity?

The number of lines of code in a program

A software metric used to measure the paths complexity and independent paths in source code

The number of functions in a program

The execution time of a program

Explanation: Cyclomatic Complexity is a software metric used to measure the paths complexity of a program. It's a quantitative measure of independent paths in the source code.

Question 7

What is an independent path in Cyclomatic Complexity?

A path that visits all nodes

A path that has at least one edge which has not been traversed before in any other paths

A path without any decision nodes

A path that executes fastest

Explanation: An independent path is defined as a path that has at least one edge which has not been traversed before in any other paths.

Question 8

How is Cyclomatic Complexity calculated using edges and nodes?

V(G) = N + E

V(G) = E - N + 2

V(G) = N - E + 2

V(G) = E × N

Explanation: Cyclomatic Complexity is calculated as V(G) = E - N + 2, where E is the number of edges and N is the number of nodes. Alternatively, V(G) = P + 1, where P is the number of predicates/decision nodes.

Question 9

What is the alternative formula for Cyclomatic Complexity using predicates?

V(G) = P - 1

V(G) = P + 1

V(G) = 2P

V(G) = P × 2

Explanation: Cyclomatic Complexity can also be calculated as V(G) = P + 1, where P is the number of predicates (decision nodes) in the control flow graph.

Question 10

What is Basis Path Testing?

Testing only the main execution path

Execution of all possible blocks with maximum path coverage using the least number of test cases

Testing database access paths

Testing only error paths

Explanation: Basis Path Testing involves execution of all possible blocks in a program and achieves maximum path coverage with the least number of test cases. The number of test cases equals the cyclomatic complexity.

Question 11

What does Verification mean in V&V (Verification and Validation)?

Are we building the right product?

Are we building the product right?

Is the product profitable?

Is the product user-friendly?

Explanation: Verification asks "Are we building the product right?" It aims to check that the software meets its stated functional and non-functional requirements.

Question 12

What does Validation mean in V&V (Verification and Validation)?

Are we building the product right?

Are we building the right product?

Is the code error-free?

Is the product fast enough?

Explanation: Validation asks "Are we building the right product?" It's a more general process aimed at ensuring the software meets the customer's expectations.

Question 13

What are the four levels of testing?

Unit, Integration, System, Acceptance

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta

Black-box, White-box, Gray-box, Clear-box

Input, Process, Output, Feedback

Explanation: The four levels of testing are: Unit Testing (test individual components), Integration Testing (test integrated components), System Testing (test entire system), and Acceptance Testing (test final system).

Question 14

What is Acceptance Testing?

Testing done by developers

Beta testing done by actual end users to verify requirements are met

Testing individual modules

Testing code structure

Explanation: Acceptance testing is beta testing done by actual end users. It's conducted to find if requirements of a specification are met. Only black-box testing techniques are used.

Question 15

What is Regression Testing?

Testing new features only

Testing done after code fixes or upgrades to check new code hasn't affected existing code

Testing backward compatibility only

Testing performance under load

Explanation: Regression Testing is done after code fixes, upgrades, or system maintenance to check that the new code has not affected the existing code. The product must be tested against previous test cases.

Question 16

What advantage does White-Box Testing have over Black-Box Testing?

It can be done before coding

It tests internal details of code and checks all paths a program can execute

It doesn't require programming knowledge

It's faster to execute

Explanation: White-box testing tests the internal details of the code and checks all paths that a program can execute. However, it requires waiting until after designing and coding to select test cases.

Question 17

What is an advantage of Black-Box Testing?

Test case selection can be done before implementation

It tests all code paths

It requires programming knowledge

It tests internal code structure

Explanation: Black-box testing allows test case selection to be done before the implementation of a program, and helps in getting the design and coding correct with respect to the specification.

Question 18

How many test cases are needed in Basis Path Testing?

Equal to the number of lines of code

Equal to the cyclomatic complexity of the program

Equal to the number of functions

Twice the number of decision nodes

Explanation: The number of test cases in Basis Path Testing will be equal to the cyclomatic complexity of the program. It guarantees to execute each statement at least once.

Question 19

Which type of testing is NOT related to testing specific functionality but rather non-functional requirements?

Functional Testing

Non-functional Testing

Regression Testing

Unit Testing

Explanation: Non-functional testing is not related to testing specific functionality, but rather non-functional requirements such as performance, scalability, and usability.

Question 20

What does Decision Table Testing involve?

Testing database tables

Putting causes and their effects in a matrix with unique combinations in each column

Testing decision-making algorithms

Testing table structures in HTML

Explanation: Decision Table Testing puts causes and their effects in a matrix. There is a unique combination in each column, allowing systematic testing of different combinations.

Question 21

What is the first step in performing Black-Box Testing?

Write the code

Examine the requirements and specifications of the system

Execute test cases

Compare actual with expected outputs

Explanation: The first step in Black-Box Testing is to examine the requirements and specifications of the system. Then testers choose valid/invalid inputs, determine expected outputs, construct test cases, execute them, and compare results.

Question 22

What is the purpose of using Cyclomatic Complexity in testing?

To measure execution time

To determine independent path executions and improve code coverage

To count the number of bugs

To measure memory usage

Explanation: Cyclomatic Complexity helps determine independent path executions, assures all paths are tested at least once, helps focus on uncovered paths, improves code coverage, evaluates risk, and reduces project failure risks.

Question 23

What is the difference between Black-Box and White-Box Testing regarding module communication?

Both facilitate testing communication equally

Black-box facilitates testing communication amongst modules; White-box does not

White-box facilitates testing communication amongst modules; Black-box does not

Neither facilitates testing communication

Explanation: Black-box testing facilitates testing communication amongst modules, while white-box testing does not facilitate testing communication amongst modules (it focuses on internal code paths).

Question 24

What are the steps for Basis Path Testing?

Write code, test code, fix bugs

Draw control graph, calculate cyclomatic complexity, identify basis set, generate test cases

Design, implement, test, deploy

Plan, execute, report, review

Explanation: Steps are: 1) Draw control graph from source code, 2) Calculate Cyclomatic Complexity using V(G) = E - N + 2 or V(G) = P + 1, 3) Identify basis set of paths, 4) Generate test cases to execute all paths.

Question 25

What is Defect Testing focused on?

Proving the system works correctly

Finding inputs that reveal problems with the system

Measuring performance

Testing user satisfaction

Explanation: The priority in defect testing is to find those inputs that reveal problems with the system. These inputs cause anomalous behavior and outputs that reveal the presence of defects.

🧪 Chapter 8: Software Testing

Quiz Results