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- Linear model y = Xβ + ε. Least-squares line: X has a column of 1s and a column of x values; solve XᵀXβ = Xᵀy.
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Set up the design matrix for fitting y = β₀ + β₁x to points (2, 1), (5, 2), (7, 3).
X = [[1, 2], [1, 5], [1, 7]], y = (1, 2, 3); solve XᵀXβ = Xᵀy.