Chapter 2 · Annotated slides
Subspaces of ℝⁿ
Subspaces, the column space and null space of a matrix, bases, finding
bases for Col A (pivot columns of A) and Nul A (parametric solution of
Ax = 0), coordinates, dimension and rank, and the Rank Theorem.
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A subspace H of ℝⁿ contains 0 and is closed under addition and
scalar multiplication.
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Col A: span of A’s columns (subspace of ℝᵐ). Nul A: all
solutions of Ax = 0 (subspace of ℝⁿ).
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dim Nul A = number of free variables; dim Col A = rank =
number of pivot columns.
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Basis of Col A: the pivot columns of the ORIGINAL A (not of
its echelon form). Basis of Nul A: the vectors in the
parametric solution of Ax = 0.
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Rank Theorem: rank A + dim Nul A = n (number of columns).
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